How to Calculate Atomic Mass

How to Calculate Atomic Mass You may be asked to calculate atomic mass in chemistry or physics. There is more than one way to find atomic mass. Which method you use depends on the information youre given. First, its a good idea to understand what exactly, atomic mass means. What Is Atomic Mass? Atomic mass is the sum of the masses of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, or the average mass, in a group of atoms. However, electrons have so much less mass than protons and neutrons that they dont factor into the calculation. So,  the atomic mass is the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons. There are three ways to find atomic mass, depending on your situation. Which one to use depends on whether you have a single atom, a natural sample of the element, or simply need to know the standard value. 3 Ways to Find Atomic Mass The method used to find atomic mass depends on whether youre looking at a single atom, a natural sample, or a sample containing a known ratio of isotopes: 1) Look Up Atomic Mass on the Periodic Table If its your first encounter with chemistry, your instructor will want you to learn how to use the periodic table to find the atomic mass (atomic weight) of an element. This number usually is given below an elements symbol. Look for the decimal number, which is a weighted average of the atomic masses of all the natural isotopes of an element. Example:  If you are asked to give the atomic mass of carbon, you first need to know its element symbol, C. Look for C on the periodic table. One number is carbons element number or atomic number. Atomic number increase as you go across the table. This is not the value you want. The atomic mass or atomic weight is the decimal number, The number of significant figures varies according to the table, but the value is around 12.01. This value on a periodic table is given in atomic mass units or amu,  but for chemistry calculations, you usually write atomic mass in terms of grams per mole or g/mol. The atomic mass of carbon would be 12.01 grams per mole of carbon atoms. 2) Sum of Protons and Neutrons for a Single Atom To calculate the atomic mass of a single atom of an element, add up the mass of protons and neutrons. Example: Find the atomic mass of an isotope of carbon that has 7 neutrons. You can see from the periodic table that carbon has an atomic number of 6, which is its number of protons. The atomic mass of the atom is the mass of the protons plus the mass of the neutrons, 6 7, or 13. 3) Weighted Average for All Atoms of an Element The atomic mass of an element is a weighted average of all the elements isotopes based on their natural abundance. It is simple to calculate the atomic mass of an element with these steps.Typically, in these problems, you are provided with a list of isotopes with their mass and their natural abundance either as a decimal or percent value. Multiply each isotopes mass by its abundance. If your abundance is a percent, divide your answer by 100.Add these values together. The answer is the total atomic mass or atomic weight of the element. Example: You are given a sample containing 98% carbon-12 and 2% carbon-13. What is the relative atomic mass of the element? First, convert the percentages to decimal values by dividing each percentage by 100. The sample becomes 0.98 carbon-12 and 0.02 carbon-13. (Tip: You can check your math by making certain the decimals add up to 1. 0.98 0.02 1.00). Next, multiply  the atomic mass of each isotope by the proportion of the element in the sample: 0.98 x 12 11.760.02 x 13 0.26 For the final answer, add these together: 11.76 0.26 12.02 g/mol Advanced Note: This atomic mass is slightly higher than the value given in the periodic table for the element carbon. What does this tell you? The sample you were given to analyze contained more carbon-13 than average. You know this because your relative atomic mass is higher than the periodic table value, even though the periodic table number includes heavier isotopes, such as carbon-14. Also, note the numbers given on the periodic table apply to the Earths crust/atmosphere and may have little bearing on the expected isotope ratio in the mantle or core or on other worlds. Over time, you may notice the atomic mass values listed for each element on the periodic table may change slightly. This happens when scientists revise the estimated isotope ratio in the crust. In modern periodic tables, sometimes a range of values is cited rather than a single atomic mass. Find More Worked Examples

People Who Can Help You on Election Day

People Who Can Help You on Election Day When voters walk into a busy polling place on election day, they see a vast array of people, most of them rushing around, doing lots of different things. Who are these people and what is their function in the election? Besides (hopefully) lots of other voters waiting to vote, youll see: Poll Workers These people are here to help you vote. They check voters in, making sure they are registered to vote and are at the correct polling place. They hand out ballots and show voters where to deposit their ballots after voting. Perhaps most importantly, poll workers can show voters how to use the particular type of voting device being used. If you have any problems using the voting machines or are not sure how to use the machine to complete your ballot, by all means, ask a poll worker. Poll workers either volunteer or are paid a very small stipend. They are not full-time government employees. They are people who are donating their time to help make sure elections are conducted fairly and efficiently. If you run into any problems while voting or waiting to vote, ask a poll worker to help you. If you make a mistake while filling out your ballot, let a poll worker know before you leave the polling place. The poll worker can give you a new ballot. Your old ballot will either be destroyed or placed in a separate ballot box for damaged or incorrectly marked ballots. Election judges At most polling places, there will be one or two election officials or election judges. Some states require one Republican and one Democratic election judge at each polling place. Election judges ensure that the election is conducted fairly. They settle disputes over voter qualification and identification, deal with damaged and incorrectly marked ballots and take care of any other issues involving interpretation and enforcement of election laws. In states that allow Election Day voter registration, election judges also register new voters on Election Day. Election judges officially open and close the polling place and are responsible for the safe and secure delivery of sealed ballot boxes to the vote counting facility after the polls close. As regulated by state laws, election judges are chosen by a board of elections, county official, city or town official, or state official. If an election judge appears to be â€Å"too young to vote† to you, 41 of 50 states allow high school students to serve as election judges or poll workers, even when the students are not yet old enough to vote. Laws in these states typically require that students selected as election judges or poll workers be at least 16 years of age and in good academic standing at their schools.   Other Voters Hopefully, you will see many other voters inside the polling place, waiting their turn to vote. Once inside the polling place, voters may not try to convince others how to vote. In some states, such politicking is prohibited both inside and outside within a certain distance of the doors of the polling place. Exit Poll Takers Especially at lager precincts, exit poll takers, usually representing the media, may ask people leaving the polling place which candidates they voted for. Voters are NOT required to respond to exit poll takers.

PR Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PR Assignment 2 - Essay Example Most of the employees are familiar with the people working in public relation department therefore it becomes quite easier for them to communicate their grievances (Dennis). 2. Fernando Figueredo, head of multicultural practice for Porter Novelli, suggests that there are some unique characteristics shared by three major minority groups. These groups include Hispanics, African and Asian Americans. 3. These three groups are going to control majority of the businesses of USA. Frequent immigrations to USA on part of the people belonged to these groups suggests that USA is regarded as a platform from where entrepreneurs can unleash their potential. Corporations in general while FMCG’s in particular should start to recognize these groups as a separate market segment which have different needs and wants as compared to their American counterparts. Therefore marketers should try to reach Hispanics, Africans and Asians in a culturally relevant manner. This technique will support the re-purchase behavior of consumers. There are many corporations which are trying to reach consumers in the way they want. Mc Donald and Pepsi are among such corporations. Therefore it can be concluded that diversity among consumers should be viewed as an opportunity to earn more profits rather than considering it a threat (Dennis). 4. The use of social networking websites is growing at an exponential rate. The workplace is also not safe from use of social networking websites. Therefore employers have to take steps so that employees can concentrate on the work. I believe that employers are right if the are blocking the social networking websites during office hours. Employee is expected to give his full time and energy when he or she is on the job. 5. Employee should not consider it something negative because office timings are those timings in which he has to contribute towards the overall productivity of the organization. If I will not be allowed by my

Auto Business in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Auto Business in Canada - Essay Example There are concerns about the pace of progress towards increased regulatory cooperation across North America, the implications of a possible Canada-Korea free trade agreement, the proposal by the federal government to regulate fuel consumption, and the approach to consumer incentives and levies announced in the last federal budget. There is concern about the plans of several provinces to establish their own regulations on fuel emissions. There is concern about the accelerated Capital Cost Allowance announced in the recent federal budget and the Ontario government's commitment to support environmental R&D as examples of government actions in support of certain strategies to attract investment and ensure the Canadian auto sector remains strong and internationally competitive. ("Canadian Automotive Partnership Council Discusses Competitiveness Issues," 2007) There is increased cooperation across governments and closer cooperation with the US in addressing the key issues raised with regard to auto industry. The governments should ensure a competitive tax regime and business environment, a greater degree of harmonization with the US in setting safety and environmental regulations, as well as a fair international trade regime. The assessment of the required level of assistance will take into consideration the total assistance from all levels of government (e.g., federal, provincial and municipal assistance). This includes assistance such as all Grants and Contributions being considered, implicit subsidies, forgivable loans, investment tax credits and any other grant or contribution. All recipients of financial assistance will be required to disclose any other government financial assistance received or requested for this prior to the approval of the contributions. Budget2007 demonstrates the government's commitment to addressing automotive sector interests, in providing generous capital cost allowances, significant investments in gateway and transportation infrastructure and measures to foster innovation and green technologies. Through the auto strategy, the government has leveraged more than $7billion in new investments that will create thousands of jobs and help position Ontario's auto industry for long-term competitiveness. Focus is given on how to build on this success while helping the industry meet the near-term challenges of a major global restructuring and the need for improved

Lenten Candles †The Color and the Significance Essay Example for Free

Lenten Candles – The Color and the Significance Essay Lent candles have their own significance in the observance of Lent. The burning candles stands for the arrival of Christ as the illumination of the world. The shades of the candles can differ. Conventionally, three purple candles and one rose-colored or pink candle are used. The purple indicates that Lent is a period of regret as well as hope. Many churches use blue candles instead of purple ones to highlight the positive hope of the period. A candle is lit on the first Sunday of Lent with an additional one lit on every following Sunday. The blissfully colored pink candle is set aside for the third Sunday of Lent, Gaudete Sunday. Gaudete, which actually refers to rejoice in Latin, is the initial word of the Introit for that Sunday: Several Christians append an exact explanation to the four candles. The first candle, or the Prophet Candle, stands for the optimism and expectation of Christs incarnication as forecasted at so many places in the Old Testament. The second candle recalls how Christ was born in modest style, in the trivial village of Bethlehem. Therefore this candle is often referred to as the Bethlehem Candle. The third candle is identified as the Shepherds Candle. It brings to mind the joy of the shepherds when they left after having seen the Christ-child in the stable. The fourth candle is the Angels Candle. It take us back to the blissful crowd that declared the good news of our Saviors birth.

Biography of Hillary Clinton :: HIllary Clinton Politics Government Essays

Biography of Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham was born on October the 26th 1947 at Edgewater Hospital, in Chicago. Her parents Hugh and Dorothy married in 1942. When Hillary was still young she learnt to stand up for herself. She told her mom that Suzy was bullying her and her mom said "There's no room in this house for cowards. You'll have to stand up to her." Hillary later knocked Suzy to the ground and said "Mom, now I'm tough enough to play with the boys! " After this she became a natural leader " She wasn't just interested in having power, but to help people. She felt sorry for the Mexican migrant workers , and organised neighborhood sales to raise money for them. She was a vice president of her junior class. She spent four years at Wellesley High School. During the Vietnam war Hillary and her fellow student held a demonstration to stop the Americans bombing Vietnam. She majored in political science and also studied psychology. When she started at Wellesley she was a Republican but later became a Democrate. Hillary was a Grade A student always and went to Yale Law School, where she met William Jefferson Clinton. In the summer and fall of 1972 Bill and Hillary both moved to Texas to work for the Democratic presidential campaign of Senator George McGovern. In January 1974 she was part of the legal staff for the House Judiciary Committee. This was a very exciting time for her as they were investigating President Nixon's involvement in the Watergate scandal. After working in Washington DC , she decided to leave and go to Arkansas, where Bill was teaching at the University of Arkansas Law School. Her friends couldn't understand why she was throwing her life away to work in a dirt-poor state. But often her answer was simply. "I love him". In October 1975 Bill Clinton and Hillary got married. She continued to work as a lawyer and kept her family name of Rodham when she married. In 1980 they had a child named Chelsea. The first election at Arkansas in 1980 was not a triumph, and many people blamed it on Hillary with her thick glasses and baggy sweaters.

Technology leading to Obesity Essay

Technology is becoming used excessively every day. Kids spend all their time on their phone or playing video games. With new innovations coming out every week, people want to be the first to own the â€Å"new thing†. There should be one hour a day where one has to participate in activities that do not involve technology to prevent obesity. I believe all the new inventions contribute to the world’s obesity problems. Most people thought obesity was due to the advent of â€Å"super-sized† fast food but new research places the blame squarely on a double dose of innovation Adults and kids alike spend numerous amount of time sitting down to watch television or looking up interesting subjects on the computer. Researchers now suggest that 60 percent of the extra pounds Americans have put on maybe caused by a decline in the physical demands of work brought about by the arrival of computers and the like. All this time spent sitting and not being physically active is harmfu l to one’s health. Since new ideas are made each day, why hasn’t someone invented something that stimulates the mind as well as keeps the body in shape? Both adults and children are leading increasingly sedentary lifestyles thanks to modern technology. Children no longer need to go outside to talk to their friends when they can keep up with them through texting or social networks. They do not even need to go outside to play games anymore when they have video games right there at their fingertips. Technology may be convenient, but it must be balanced with physical activity in order to keep both ourselves and our children healthy. In past decades, strenuous jobs meant that workers were in effect paid to exercise. Now workers with more sedentary jobs pay to exercise at the gym. It is this lack of exercise, rather than an increase in calories, that has led to the weight gain, they say, which is no longer music to the ears of the US fast-food companies as they are now facing lawsuits from some litigi ous fatties. Research has shown that an average 6ft-tall man today weighs 30 pounds more than he did in the early 1900’s. Some parents have been relying on technology as â€Å"electric babysitters† including the television and computer. Parents know where their child is if they are watching television or sitting in front of the computer screen. It is the parents duty to incorporate activities that involve exercise if they want to use these  methods including Wii fit, or Dance Dance Revolution. Kids may also get the feeling that it is alright to watch television all day or continuously play on the computer if they see their parent doing likewise. Just a few small changes can make the difference between bad habits that are likely to lead to obesity, and good habits that they will carry with them for life. Parents must remember that our children are our future, and as such, they have the responsibility to teach them good habits to carry with them all their lives. The government should pass a law where a time period each day is not used on technology, or if it is, used in way to where you are exercising. This could give people time to work out or do something productive with their life. Instead of bragging about making it to level 30 on zombies, kids could say they learned the difference from a poisonous plant and an edible plant. People today are becoming too lazy and reliant on technology.

American Public Education

Maddie Mellor College Writing 24-102 Dr. Boggs American Public Education Today, education enables us to enlarge our knowledge and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. In the five readings, each written by a different author, there was a lesson learned and something to take away from each one. Reading through the passages by Mann, Moore, Malcolm X, Gatto, Rose, and Anyon, each author contributed his or her point of view on general public education. This topic can be very argumentative depending on the quality of education people receive.Education today is the single most important mean for individuals to achieve their personal goals in the workforce. In Horace Mann’s â€Å"Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education,† he gives his opinion about all the different sorts of education. Examples such as, physical, intellectual, political, moral, and religious education all play a part in who we grow up to be. This is why quality education is so important. Horace Mann makes a point that public schools follow strict rules and curriculum, which transforms all students to become the same person.He asks the question, â€Å"Does education empower us? Or does it stifle personal growth by squeezing us into prefabricated cultural molds? † (Mann, page 123). The type of education we receive can critically shape and enhance our identities either in a negative or positive way. One example of a negative view would be the story written by Michael Moore. He explains how our country is simply a bunch of â€Å"idiots. † In the passage entitled â€Å"Idiot Nation† written by Michael Moore, he discusses his opinion on Americans today and our lack of knowledge.He feels like we live in a nation of idiots. Moore believes that although there is a large number of unintelligent people in our country, we all have the capability to be very smart and expand our minds to more things than we realize. He referenced high school senio rs and said that they are trained to live the same routine every day of their lives as students. Teachers tell them, â€Å"Don’t do this, don’t do that, tuck your shirt in, wipe that smile off your face, where’s your hall pass, and DETENTION† (Moore, page 134).Mostly every student today is treated like this and it is all they have ever known when it comes to discipline. Every student today has the same responsibilities and the same consequences if you do not fulfill them. I, as a former high school student, completely agree with what Moore discusses in this story because every student is looked upon the same way, and if a student wanted respect from faculty, he or she had to earn it. However, Moore’s credibility does not reflect much on his strong opinions about public schooling.Considering he was a college dropout over something as silly as not being able to find a parking spot doesn’t seem acceptable for us to care for what he has to prove about education. Being a responsible student and providing yourself the best education is partially up to the student themselves and each child in a public school has the capability to teach themselves anything they want to learn if they just put their mind to it. â€Å"Learning to Read† written by Malcolm X tells a story about himself and how he taught himself to read.Personally, I thought this was the most interesting to read about because it proves just how far one can actually come if he or she is driven and determined to accomplish something. Malcolm X was motivated by the knowledge he was surrounded with and wanted to be able to communicate. He was inspired by everything he had never known and said, â€Å"I was because of my letters that I happened to stumble upon starting to acquire some kind of a homemade education† (X page 210). At that point in his life, he was determined to do something no one has ever tried before, and that was to teach himself how to read .He said that, â€Å"the best thing I could do was get hold of a dictionary to study and learn some words† (X, page 211). Before long, Malcolm X was a fluent speaker and a very successful writer. He had a wide knowledge for speech and vocabulary because of the time he spent devoted to learning. However, there are things one can learn on their own just by going out into the real world. John Taylor Gatto wrote about the topic of boredom in his story â€Å"Against School. † He was an award-winning educator, so most believed his statements about education to be true because he was such a credible source.Gatto discusses his belief of having children learn more of what they will need to live on their own in the real world. He wants students to take their education with them out into the world instead of learning pointless material in public school that will never be applied to the real world. Gatto references this to boredom and uses it as an example of why some children do not enjoy school. Material that is required to be taught bores students easily, and does not expand their minds to subjects they are interested in. He asks, â€Å"Do we really need school?I don’t mean education, just forced schooling: six classes a day, five days a week, nine months a year, for twelve years† (Gatto, page 148-149). Students are trained to become addicts of everyday school and it strips them of responsibility and independence. Eventually, once we can understand the tricks and traps of public schooling, we can avoid them. In â€Å"I Just Wanna Be Average,† Mike Rose goes back to his years in school, in which he also referred to them as bottom level classes. Throughout his schooling, he was placed in low-ranking classes by accident, but decided to move on to the more academically advanced track.Rose goes in depth about each and every one of his teachers, and describes his classmates he was around during the time being during the time he was in the l ow classes. The students Mike Rose has class with were discouraging for him to be around and he mentioned that â€Å"the vocational track he was on, is most often a place for those who are just not making it, a dumping ground for the disaffected† (Rose, par. 159). He explains that his teachers acted like they could care less about teaching their students and instead use physical violence or a lack of lesson plans to control them.I personally believe that teachers today do not act this way. As a former high school student, teachers are encouraged to help their students with anything they might need. That is their job and what they are supposed to do is teach. If a teacher is not able to assist you in something, they simply are not doing their job correctly. Education is looked upon as a very important part of someone’s life and determines ones future. This simply shows that if students are driven enough to further their education and improve their lives, teachers are th ere to help guide them.In the last passage â€Å"From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work,† Jean Anyon proposes that certain aspects of teaching show that there is possibly a hidden curriculum in schools based on the performance of the students as well as their social status. She investigated details of each school's curriculum from different areas and in most people's opinion, schools are ranked by their socioeconomic status as whole. Implying that the quality of education is worst for working class schools and best for the more elite schools, there are strategies to go above and beyond.Though she does not necessarily agree with this opinion, she does define the purpose of schoolwork, and she says, â€Å"Schoolwork helps one to achieve, to excel, to prepare for life† (Anyon, page 172). Between every twist and turn that is found through education. We are all here to achieve the same goal, simply because we want to be successful. It’s obvious that educ ation has improved over time and more people have been taking advantage of the opportunity to gain knowledge and better themselves.Each one of these authors proves important points to consider about education and to form your own opinion. There is a lesson learned and something to take away from each one. Each author contributed his or her point of view on general public education. This topic can be very argumentative depending on the quality of education people receive, however, education enables us to enlarge our knowledge and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. Education today is the single most important means for individuals to achieve their personal goals and be successful. Mann, Horace. Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. * Moore, Michael. Idiot Nation. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 134. * Malcolm X, . Learning to Read. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 210-211. * Gatto, Jo hn Taylor. Against School. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 148-149. * Rose, Mike. I Just Wanna Be Average. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 159. * Anyon, Jean. From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 172.

Abuse of Power by Presidents from John Kennedy to George Bush essays

Abuse of Power by Presidents from John Kennedy to George Bush essays Kennedy's number one incident of an abuse of power was probably the "Bay of Pigs" secret invasion into Cuba in April, 1961. The attempt to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro was a huge failure, and it was an embarrassment to both Kennedy and to the United States in the eyes of the world. Kennedy did not consult the U.S. Congress prior to launching the provocative attack, and hence, many felt it was an abuse of his power. Lyndon Johnson's biggest incidence of an abuse of power was most likely the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. The American military had for several years been providing "training" and "advisors" to the South Vietnam regime, and Lyndon Johnson, like several presidents before him, believed that if the communists in North Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh, were allowed to take over all of Vietnam, then other Southeast Asian nations would fall, too, like a stack of dominos. So, in August, of 1964, Johnson claimed that the U.S. Navy had been attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats, and he told Congress he needed authority to respond to that attack. The U.S. Senate approved (except for 2 Senators) the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave Johnson the authority to bomb North Vietnam. Subsequent insider information has shown there was no attack by the North Vietnamese on U.S. Navy ships. It was a lie, and an abuse of power. Richard Nixon was guilty of many abuses of power during the Watergate scandal, such as authorizing lies by his inner staff, authorizing breaking into Daniel Ellsburg's office, and many more. Ronald Reagan (unwittingly) allowed a secret cell of government to be established in his administration, by Oliver North and John Poindexter; they sold U.S. weapons to the Ayatollah in Iran, and secretly gave the money to the Contras in Nicaragua. George Bush (senior) as VP under Reagan gave millions of dollars in chemical weapons technology to Sadd...

Fun Science Facts You Need to Know

Fun Science Facts You Need to Know Amaze yourself and your friends with these science facts! This is a collection of fun and interesting science facts. When you crack a whip, it makes a sharp sound because the tip of the whip is traveling faster than the speed of sound. It is a sort of mini sonic boom!You could theoretically lose weight eating celery since it takes more calories to digest celery than are contained in the vegetable. Shark teeth are as hard as steel.The only letter not used in the periodic table is J.Lobsters have blue blood.Sound travels about four times faster in water than in air.2 and 5 are the only prime numbers that end in 2 or 5.Women blink nearly twice as often as men.The billionth digit of pi is 9. (Source: Ben Peoples)On average, it takes a person 7 minutes to fall asleep.The peanut is a member of the bean or legume family and not a nut.The prefix numbus in a cloud name means the cloud produces precipitation.Anemometers measure wind speed.The only two planets in our solar system that do not have moons are Mercury and Venus.Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.Oxygen is the most common element in the Earths c rust.

NHS Should Cover Lifestyle Diseases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NHS Should Cover Lifestyle Diseases - Essay Example The National Health Service (NHS) is a UK government entity that provides health care to patients regardless of their ailments, social, political or religious inclinations as long as one is a UK citizen or has lived in the country for more than 12 months among other conditions. Funds to facilitate healthcare through this scheme are generated mainly from taxes collected from the public. It is estimated that every individual in the country contributes close to ?1000 every financial year totalling the collections to approximately ?100 billion as per 2008/9 budget (Hanson, 2010). This paper is a critical evaluation on whether the NHS should take care of illnesses that are as a result of dangerous habits such as smoking, alcohol abuse, poor dieting among others. Primary Healthcare Trusts (PCTs) in the UK are reportedly refusing to offer certain kinds of treatment to patients, who are considered as living unhealthy life thus barring them from benefiting from the NHS scheme. These patients are for example smokers, abusers of alcohol, and those who have body mass indexes (BMI) exceeding 30 or who are generally overweight and obese. According to Rojas (2012), â€Å"The NHS has been accused of blocking access to surgery for smokers and obese patients.† This has been attributed to the intent of the health sector to save money. Such restrictions are being observed in PCTs in places such as North Essex, Lincolnshire, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire among others, which are numerous. To begin with, such kinds of restrictions are discriminatory based on the fact that all UK citizens are human beings, who are created equally and with equal rights and privileges, which cannot be denied on the basis of trying to economise on financial resources. The NHS is a scheme, which is there to take care of all citizens’ health needs irrespective of their personal habits especially with the consideration that these people pay taxes, which fund the operations of the scheme (Ham, 2008). Personal habits such as smoking and drinking of alcohol are every person’s right to choose whether to indulge or not. Otherwise, the government could have banned their use long time ago thereby making it illegal to possess or consume. Every citizen has an inalienable right to pursue happiness and if such reward can be found in the use of these legal substances, then, no institution or individual should try and force people to abandon them. The decision to quit smoking, drinking or to minimize intake of junk food is personal but this does not mean that those who choose not to should be condemned to torture, discrimination or death. Denying people of treatment on the basis of their personal habits is a measure that the government should not even contemplate as this does not help them in any way. In deed, it only complicates their health and this may result to deaths that are otherwise preventable. Apart from paying taxes, these people, whether obese or otherwise, contri bute to the country’s economic growth through their different economic activities and services, which they provide to the nation. It therefore goes without saying that if they

Business Issues in Business Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Issues in Business Intelligence - Essay Example vels of a corporation to more simply access, identify, evaluate, collaborate, and perform operations on information, anywhere and anytime (TechTarget; Microsoft). Though, many business intelligence tools work fine and help organizations take better decisions. They provide exact targets, graphs, drill-through and drill-downs. However, a great deal of work in an operational data warehouse system entails processing of data collected from different operational systems into the data warehouse. In this process of decision making and making intelligible decisions, there exist many problems regarding ETL (extraction, transformation and loading). In other words, while collecting huge amount of data from different sources we can face many issues regarding ETL. These issues can also influence the overall quality of decisions and business operations. In addition, ETL can entail substantial complexity and significant operational problems those can take place due to improperly designed ETL systems that can eventually influence the performance of BI system’s working and operations (Scott). The successful implementation of BI requires plenty of data analysis and evaluation. In this scenario we need to assess the quality of data in predicting the results. On the other hand, data warehouses are normally assembled from a mixture of data sources with different formats as well as purposes. In this scenario, ETL is a key process to bring the entire data together in a standard and uniform structure. In case a problem happens to ETL process overall working and operations of the corporate decision support can be exaggerated. In addition, it will lead to ineffective and lower quality results. Moreover, major issues in ETL can include: (Kimball and Caserta; Kimball and Ross, The Data Warehouse Toolkit: The Complete Guide to Dimensional Modeling, 2nd Edition) The presence of any of the above listed issues can affect the implementation of business intelligence. These issues can also lead